Notes-Class 10-History-Chapter-7-Sports and History-Maharashtra Board

Sports and History

Maharashtra Board- Class 10-History-Chapter-7

Notes

Topics to be Learn :

  • Importance of Sports
  • Types of sports
  • Globalisation of Sports
  • Game Materials and Toys
  • Toys and History
  • Literature and Movies on sport
  • Sports and Professional Opportunities

Sports : Sports is a activity which combines entertainment and physical exercise.

It is a natural instinct in human beings to play.

  • Hunting was a way of obtaining food for the ancient people as well as considered a game and entertainment.
  • Horse and chariot races, chess, wrestling, games of dice (dyut) are the games which find a place in ancient Indian literary texts and epics.

Importance of Sports :

  • It helps us to overcome pains, worries and suffering.
  • We can feel ourselves relaxed and refreshed by playing games.
  • Games which involve a lot of physical activity not only provide good exercise but also help in building a strong body.
  • One can develop courage, determination and sportsmanship by participating in games.
  • A sense of cooperation and team spirit develops when we engage in games which require collective participation.
  • Games help us to develop leadership quality.

Famous sports training centres in India :

Famous sports training centres in India :

  • Vadodara — Vyayamshala of famous wrestlers Jummadada and Manikrao
  • Patiala — Kreeda Vidyapeeth
  • Gandhinagar — Svarnim Gujarat Sports
  • Kolhapur — Khasbag Talim and Motibag Talim
  • Amravati - Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal
  • Pune — Shri Shiv Chhatrapati Kreeda Sankul

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Types of Sports : Sports are of two types, (i) Indoor Games (ii) Outdoor Games’.

(A) Indoor games :

  • These games are played within a closed environment, sitting at one place.
  • They include chess, card games, games played with gamesmen and dice, carom, etc.
  • Some of the indoor games known by various names as are Kachkavadya or Chaukabara, i.e. Indian ludo, Sagargote, Bhatukali, etc.

(B) Outdoor games : The outdoor games can be categorised into two types, (i) Indian sports and (ii) International Sports.

  • Indian outdoor games include Langadi, Kabaddi, Atyapatya, Kho-kho, etc.
  • Indian outdoor games like marbles, Lagori, Vitti-Dandu or Gilli-Danda, Bhingari (whorls), Bhovare (tops), Phugadi, Zimma are quite popular.
  • The international games include Badmington, Table Tennis, Hockey, Cricket, Football, Golf, Polo, etc.

Other outdoor games based on category :

Other outdoor games based on category :

  • Athletics : 100 metre, 200 metre, Marathon, obstacle race.
  • Based on physical skills : Shot put, discus throw, long jump, high jump.
  • Water sports : Water Polo, swimming competitions, rowing
  • Acrobatic games : Mallakhamb, rope mallakhamb and gymnastics.
  • Adventure sports : Ice hockey, skiing, Ice hockey etc.
  • Games involving thrill : Gliding, rock-climbing, paragliding, auto racing — cars and motorbike.

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Indigenous Games :

Indigenous Games :

  • The games which have their origin in India and are an important part of Indian culture are indigenous games.
  • Indoor Games are played within a closed environment and a number of them are played by sitting at one place. Chess, card games, dice, carrom, etc. are indigenous indoor games.
  • Outdoor games. Kabaddi, Atyapatya, Kho-kho etc. are indigenous outdoor games.
  • The special feature of indigenous games is that they do not require high cost material and hence are less expensive. Phugadi, Zimma, Bhatukali are some of the indigenous games played by girls.
  • In modem times, all national and international games are played by both girls and boys.

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Sports Competitions :

  • The national game of India is hockey. Cricket is very popular in India.
  • Sports competitions are held at local, taluka, state, national and international levels.
  • World Championships are organised for Hockey, Chess, Wrestling, Cricket and Football on a grand scale.
  • International competitions like Olympics, Asiad, Paralympics, Cricket World Cup, etc. are held.

Globalisation of Sports :

  • International matches of different sports like cricket, football, lawn tennis can be watched in any corner of the world because of live telecast on television.
  • Citizens of the non-participant countries watch and enjoy these matches too.
  • The process of globalisation has greatly influenced the field of sports in the 20th-21st century and fans have changed the entire structure of sports economy forever.
  • Fans watch the matches for entertainment, aspiring players to learn more, commercial companies look at it as an opportunity to advertise and sell their products and retired sportsmen too have an opportunity to be commentators.

Games, Materials and Toys :

  • Equipment which are meant for entertainment and education of children are called toys.
  • Clay toys were discovered in archaeological excavations. These toys were made either by hand or using moulds.
  • Ancient Indian literature has a mention about dolls.
  • Shudraka wrote a play in Sanskrit named Mrichchhakatika which means a clay court.
  • A description of games and toys is found in Kathasaritsagara.
  • There is a mention of flying dolls, singing dolls and dolls making sounds on pressing a key.
  • The tradition of making wooden dolls existed in India since ancient times.
  • Maharashtra has a tradition of making wooden dolls known as Thaki. Sawantwadi is famous for wooden toys.

Toys and History :

Toys and History :

  • Toys give us an idea about the development of history and technology.
  • Toys mirror religious and cultural traditions.
  • We get to know about the history of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj from the model forts and clay images placed on it during traditional Diwali celebrations in Maharashtra.
  • An ivory doll was found in the excavation at Pompeii, an ancient city in Italy. Due to this, the Indo-Roman trade relations and cultural contacts which is dated to 1st century C.E. came into light.

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Sports, Literature and Movies on sports :

Sports and Literature :

  • Sports related literature is a new branch of knowledge.
  • Many books and encyclopaedias are published related to sports.
  • Recently, the history of Mallakhamb was published.
  • Sports magazines like Shatkar were published in English and Marathi.
  • Articles on sports are often published in newspapers.

Sports and Movies :

  • Movies are made in English and all regional languages on Sports. For example, Dangal, Mary Kom, Chak De India, etc.
  • Movies are made on life of Mary kom (Mary Kom), the first female boxer of Inda; female wrestlers the Phogat sister(Dangal); Runner Milkha Singh and cricketers like Sachin Tendulkar and M. S. Dhoni.

Sports Movies and History :

Sports Movies and History :

  • While making a movie on any sport it is essential to have knowledge of that sport.
  • A study of dressing style, language and social life of that particular period is essential.
  • To write articles in newspapers, encyclopedia and sports magazines knowledge of history is required.

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Sports and Professional opportunities :

Professions related to sports :

  • Writers and critics are required to write about sports and international sports tournaments.
  • Expert commentators.
  • Sports journalists, newsreaders and sports experts to give news on various television and radio channels.
  • Umpires, referees, ground staff and their assistants.
  • Computer analysts who create statistical data of the live match and their assistants who give it to commentators.
  • Skilled craftsmen and industries making sports equipment.

Commentators and History :

Commentators and History : ‘

  • A mere description of the live match is not enough for commentators.
  • They should have good knowledge of the history of the game, statistics, illustrious records (who made or who broke), eminent players, historical anecdotes related to the particular game.

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Sports and Field of Education :

  • Sports have importance from school level.
  • Students can participate in school, inter-school and national level competitions.
  • Scholarships offered to sportspersons by the government.
  • Seats are reserved for sportspersons in government and private enterprises.

Importance of sports in education field :

Importance of sports in education field :

  • Sports are an integral part of education. The making of a player begins at school level.
  • Many types of sports events are held at the international level. To make the players competent they are given opportunity to play at district, state and national level.
  • They are promoted and sponsored by the government and private sectors. Talented and ranking players get State scholarship or National scholarship.
  • Seats are reserved for them in colleges and Universities. It has been observed that the foundation of successful players is laid in school life.

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Famous Personality in Sports Field :

Bal J. Pandit :

Bal J. Pandit :

  • He was a well-known and famous commentator of cricket matches on Akashvani.
  •  Along with narration of the game he used to describe career history of the players and the history of the playground.
  • He narrated anecdotes and records made earlier.
  • His commentaries were entertaining and hence people used to listen with great interest.
  • He was well versed in the history of cricket and he used that to make his commentary entertaining and informative.

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Major Dhyan Chand :

Major Dhyan Chand :

  • Major Dhyan Chand was part of hockey teams as a player in 1928 and 1932 which won a gold medals at the Olympics.
  • He was also captain of the Indian Hockey team which won a Gold Medal at the
  • Berlin Olympics in 1936.
  • He made great contribution in securing gold medals in all the three Olympics.
  • He shot more than 400 goals in his entire career which included national and international matches.
  • Popularly known as the 'Wizard of Hockey‘,
  • Dhyan Chand's birth date 29th August is celebrated as the National Sports Day in India.
  • He was honoured with a 'Padmabhushan' in 1956.

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Useful links :

Main Page : - Maharashtra Board Class 10 - History & Political Science  - All chapters notes, solutions, videos, test, pdf.

Next Chapter : Chapter 6-Entertainment  and History - Online Notes

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