Solution-Class 10-History-Chapter-3-Applied History-Maharashtra Board

(c) Ur

(a) New Delhi

Wrong pair-Ramman-Dance form in West Bengal

• Applied History’ is a field of study concerned with the application of history for the benefit of people in the contemporary and future. It is also known as Public History.
• When one subject is applied to different fields and conclusions are derived, it is known as application of that subject.
• When objectives of History are applied to other subjects; new conclusions are obtained.
• We get insights of the events that took place in the past through history.
• Applied History is concerned with application of knowledge of history to provide guidance in finding solutions to contemporary social issues and include them in social planning.

• A place where historical documents are preserved is called an ‘Archive’. Many old documents, official records, old films, records of treaties are kept at this place.
• We get references of original documents because of Archives. A study of historical events of a particular period is possible.
• We come to know about language, script used in a particular period/era.
• The National Archives of India is in Delhi. It is the largest Archive in Asia. Every state in India maintains its archives independently.

Archives with a distinct purpose : The main office of the National Film Archives of India is located in Pune, Maharashtra.

• Man acquired different skills at various stages in his evolution process.
• Scientific discoveries/inventions and technological advancement are mutually dependent on each other.
• Knowledge of science and technology was very important at every step from the making of stone tools to agricultural production in the evolution of mankind.
• Agricultural production, commodity production, architecture, engineering, etc. underwent several changes. Production increased manifold because of technology.
• Hence, it is necessary to know the history of technology in order to understand the development in’ mechanization and mutual dependence between science and technology

• Cultural heritage is a form of human creation. It is a cultural treasure that has been inherited from our ancestors. We feel connected to it and hence preserve and conserve it.
• This heritage is our asset that binds us to our past and hence we should preserve it for the benefit of future generations.
• It is essential for the benefit of future generations to preserve our heritage.
• In order to save this heritage, UNESCO, the global organisation has announced some directives with the objective of promoting the cultural and natural heritage.
• On the basis of those directives, list of sites, and traditions are declared as ‘World Heritage’. It has helped us in promoting these sites as tourist places.

Each field has its own history of building knowledge. The direction of development in every field is dependent on the state of available knowledge in that field. The method of history has proved valuable in the research of various fields.

(a) Science :

• Scientific discoveries/inventions take place because of human efforts to satisfy needs and curiosity.
• These efforts are based on scientific knowledge that already existed. Knowledge of the history of science helps in understanding the reasons, chronology and factors that facilitated a scientific invention/discovery.
• It can also help to understand the cause-effect chain that led to those discoveries and inventions.
• Knowledge of history of science helps in every field.

(b) Art :

• Development of any style of art lies in their expression through intellectual, emotional and cultural traditions.
• While studying any art form we have to understand the history of its traditions, the key to the expressions in it, and emotional temperament of the artist.
• Prevalent art style in the given period can be understood with the help of cultural history.

(c) Management Studies :

• All components like means of production, human resources, processes of production, the chain of market and sales, etc. are interrelated and require management.
• In order to achieve it, understanding of the social and economic institutions that support the industrial and commercial processes is important.
• Knowledge of history in this regard makes the management at various levels easier.

History gives us knowledge about the events that happened in past. Applied history helps us in understanding how the knowledge can be put to use for our benefit as well as for the benefit of future generations. Applied history is correlated with our present in the following Ways :

• Knowledge of our past helps us in deciding our course of action in present. The heritage of our ancestors exists in tangible and intangible form. We have the curiosity to know more about our part because they represent the creative thoughts and traditions of that period.
• With the help of applied history we can not only come to know about the heritage but also conserve and preserve it.
• We can be better equipped to face social challenges in the present because the knowledge of history can provide guidance in finding solutions to contemporary social issues and incorporate them in the social planning.

The direction of future development is decided when we rightly analyse our present with our knowledge of the past acquired through applied history.

There are three types of sources which are used to study history. They are written, oral and material sources. These sources are preserved in different ways. According to me, the following measures should be taken to preserve the sources :

(1) A regular repair and maintenance work of forts, memorials and palaces should be carried out. Timely action should be taken to avoid vandalisation of historic and public places.

(2) Historical coins, weapons should be handled with precaution and utmost care. They should be kept in a safe place to avoid the possibility of theft.

(3)Social awareness regarding the conservation and preservation of our cultural and natural heritage should be created. People will develop affinity towards the heritage and feel connected.

(4) Variations in environment, Humidity, dampness, moulds and pollution cause irrevocable damage to manuscripts, rare artefacts, statues, coins, etc. To protect them, special arrangements have to be made like rooms with controlled temperature or sanitising and detoxing the rooms.

(5) Polluting factories should be banned or should not allow to build near the heritage sites.

(6) Oral literature like owis, folk songs should be compiled and written down.

(7) Digitalization of literature should be done.

(8) Public training programmes should be conducted for understanding the importance of history.

(9) Experts from different fields should be involved in preservation and conservation projects. Stringent laws should be enacted to protect the monuments.

(10) Above all, people's’ participation in conservation and preservation process is paramount.

The following objectives can be fulfilled through the heritage projects :

• Preservation, conservation and development of heritage sites can be done without any change in its original state / structure.
• The local social structure and psychology of the local people, challenges they face in the present situations and their expectations can be surveyed.
• In the process of completing the project of conservation, preservation and development of a heritage site due precaution should be taken to avoid hurting the sentiments of the local people.
• Participation of the local people in the proposed project can be facilitated.
• In order to engage and employ the local skills in a creative way and create better opportunities of livelihood, it becomes easier to design systematic plans.