Solution-Class 10-Political Science-Chapter-4-Social and Political Movements-Maharashtra Board

(b) To get the right price for agricultural product

(b) Green revolution

Tribal community was always dependent on forest wealth for their living.

• The British had prohibited the tribals from making use of forest wealth to earn their livelihood
• Tribal Kolam from Chota Nagpur, Gond from Orissa, Koli, Bhilla and Ramoshi from Maharashtra, Santhal and Munda from Bihar, revolted against the British.
• Even after independence their problem to earn a livelihood is not solved. Their right on the forest land, to gather forest products and to cultivate on forest land is not yet recognized.

Therefore, for these demands, Tribal Movement is active in many parts.

• Industries in public and private sector like textile mills, railway companies started in India in the latter part of the nineteenth century.
• Due to industrialisation, a large number of labour force came into existence.
• This led to lot of labour issues. In 1920, All India Trade Union Congress was established to solve their problems.
• Many unions were formed alter independence.
• The Trade Union Movement was very effective from 1960 till 1980s. After 1980s trade union movement lost its momentum and slowly disintegrated.
• Globalization gave a final blow to the movement.

Role : The environment movement has played a key role in –

• Creating public awareness about the importance of balance in environment through television, newspapers, and other mediums.
• Opposing developmental projects with environmental concerns.

Functions : The function of the environment movement is to make efforts silently or rigorously to protect natural areas through afforestation, recycling or pollution control. Forest department and the pollution board are actively involved and extend support by making stringent laws to book the culprits.

Activities : Different activities are conducted to promote the environment movement

• Environmental degradation has become a serious issue not only in India but also in the world.
• The issues of degradation was discussed at Rio-de-Janeiro, Paris and Kyoto Conferences.
• Even in India many movements are active for conservation of the environment like the Chipko movement, Appiko movement and Vanmahatsov.

Farmers movement in India is an important movement.

• Due to the anti-agricultural policies of the British colonial government, the Indian farmers started organizing themselves.
• Farmers’ Movement was witnessed in Champaranya and Bardoli before independence.
• They got inspiration and leadership of Mahatma Phule, Justice Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi.
• Maharashtra Tenancy Act slowed down the movement but after Green Revolution, the movement gained momentum.
• Green Revolution aimed at increasing agricultural production and self-sufficiency in food grains. As its benefits did not reach the poor farmers, the movement had started.

Demands of the farmer movement :

• Appropriate price for agricultural products.
• Agriculture should be treated as an industry.
• To implement suggestions and recommendations of the Swaminathan
• Commission.
• Quick decision on debt relief and debt cancellation.
• National policy for agriculture.

In the pre-independence period women's movement were working for the following reforms.

• Eliminating injustice against women.
• To put an end to the exploitation of women and help them to lead a respectful and dignified life.
• They should be able to participate actively in social life.
• To end the practices like Sati, child marriage, polygamy and bring about reforms such as widow remarriage and women's education.
• In that era Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Raja Rammohan Roy, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, Savitribai Phule, Maharshee Dhondo Keshav Karve, Pandita Ramabai, Ramabai Ranade took initiative in ending such practices.

Statement is True.

• People organise themselves and start a movement to solve social issues.
• Leaders and activists provide all the information regarding those issues to the government.
• The government takes notice of the problems because of the movement.
• Some movements aim at opposing some policies oi the government and certain decisions.
• This is the most recognised method of protest in democracy.

Hence, movements have great importance in democracy.

Statement is False.

• The success of any movement depends on leadership. The movement remains active because of the strong leader.
• The decisions regarding the objective of the movement, programme of action, strategy of agitation are decided and taken by the leader.
• Firm leadership has a wide reach. They can get public support making the movement very effective.

So, the need of a strong leadership is utmost essential.

Statement is True.

• The consumers faced different problems because of changing economy and social system.
• Adulteration, increased the cost of products and faulty weights and measures are some of the problems faced by the consumers.
• To protect the consumers from such frauds the Consumer Protection Act was passed in 1986.
• The Consumer Protection movement was started to create awareness among the consumers about their rights and their safety.