Solutions-Class-7-Civics-Chapter-3-Features of the constitution-Maharashtra Board

Union List :

1) Defence

2) Foreign Affairs

3) War and Peace

State List :

1) Law and Order

2) Agriculture

3) Health

Concurrent List :

1) Education

2) Employment

3) Environment

(1) Machinery for the governance of the entire country –Union Government

(2) Machinery for conducting elections – Election Commission

(3) The third list of subjects for making laws – Concurrent List

(1) For a large territory and huge population, ruling a country with a single capital is very difficult.

(2) Ruling a country with large territory and huge population from a single capital leads to neglect of the far-flung areas

(3) In such a situation, people residing in the far-flung areas cannot participate in the affairs of the Government.

To overcome these problems, our Constitution has adopted federal system. So the government functions at two levels in a Federation.

Our Constitution has given three lists of various subjects. If a subject comes up that is not included in any of the lists, the Union Government is entitled to make laws on it. These powers are termed as Residuary Powers.

In order to ensure that the judgments are given impartially, the Constitution of India has created an independent judiciary.

• The disputes that cannot be resolved mutually are referred to the judiciary.
• The court hears both the contesting parties, looks into the injustice if any and gives its judgment.
• This has to be done impartially.

Merits :

1-The court hears both side, it enables the courts to give impartial judgments.

2-Judiciary does not act under any political pressure.

3-Judges are appointed by the President and not by the government, therefore political parties can’t interfere in the decisions of the courts.

4-The citizens can trust an independent judiciary to keep their rights intact.

 Demerits :

1- As the judiciary is independent, it is out of the scope of the government’s control. Sometimes, this can create a mess.

2-The judiciary is not answerable to anyone if the process of dispensing justice is slow.

Although there are some demerits in independent judicial system, the merits of an independent judicial system are more powerful as compared to its demerits.

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is an electronic device for recording votes.

An EVM is designed with two units: the control unit and the balloting unit.

A list of candidate’s names and/or symbols will be available on the machine with a blue button next to it. The voter can press the button next to the candidate’s name they wish to vote for.

Advantage of using EVMs:

• It completely eliminates the possibility of casting 'Invalid Votes',
• With the use of EVMs, printing of millions of ballot papers for every election can be dispensed.
• This results in huge savings by way of cost of paper, printing, transportation, storage and distribution.
• The counting process is very quick and the result can be declared within 3 to 5 hours as compared to 30-40 hours, on an average, under the conventional Ballot paper system.