Notes-Class 8-Geography-Chapter-8-Industries-Maharashtra Board

Industry :

• The process of converting the available raw material into finished products is done in the factories.
• Industries or manufacturing units provide secondary occupation.
• Industries help in speeding up the economic development of humans and it also helps in achieving the economic development of a country.

Factors affecting the location of an industry :

• The physical, economic, social and other factors affect the localisation of industries.
• Scientific and technological advancement, quantity and quality of labour, speedy transportation facilities, ready markets, etc. are factors that affect the localisation and growth of industries.

Essential factors for the location of any one industry :

 Classification of industries as per their nature

India is predominantly agrarian country. Various agro-based industries have come up in India. The industries in India can be classified into small industries, medium industries and large industries.

Small industries :

• Small industries require comparatively less amount of inputs like capital, machinery and manpower.
• Small industries require comparatively less premise for its day-to-day operations.
• Generally, the goods produced in small industries have 1ocal/ regional markets.
• Papad making industries, pickle making industries, cane industries, etc. are the examples of small industries.

Medium industries :

• Compared to small industries, medium industries require inputs like capital, manpower, machinery, etc. in greater quantities.
• Fruit processing industries, jagerry making industries, furniture manufacturing industries, etc. are the examples of medium industries.

Large industries :

• Large industries require huge amount of inputs like capital, machinery and manpower.
• Large industries require huge premise for its day-to-day operations.
• The goods produced in large industries have wide markets.
• Sugar manufacturing industries, textile industries, automobile manufacturing industries, etc. are the examples of heavy industries.

Agro Based Industries

• India is predominantly agrarian country. Agriculture is the main occupation of majority of people in India.
• In India, food crops, cash crops, fruits, flowers, vegetables, etc. are cultivated on a large scale. The agricultural produce provides raw material to many industries in India. For example, sugar cane is raw material for sugar industry. Thus many industries in India are agro-based industries.
• The industries processing agricultural products like fruit processing industries, food processing industries, dairy industries, etc. have also flourished in India.
• Agro based industries play an important role in rural economy by generating employment opportunities in rural areas.

Industrial development :

• Industrial development is highly essential to increase per capita income and standard of living of people in a country.
• The industrial development generates employment opportunities and also helps in earning foreign exchange by exporting goods.

Remember :

• Industrialization also creates problems like development of slums, migration, increased pollution, environmental degradation, etc.
• It is necessary to check whether the increasing industrialization is truly increasing the social welfare of people in a country.

Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (M.I.D.C.)

• The state government of Maharashtra established Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) on 1^st August, 1962.
• Through MIDC, government has set up industries in all districts of Maharashtra.
• MIDC supports the industrial growth and decentralization of industries.
• Government gives concessional rates to the estates/ industries for electricity, water and taxes. Estates / industries are also provided piece of land at concessional rates by the government.
• MIDC has been playing an important role in generating employment opportunities in all the 36 districts of Maharashtra.
• MIDC has been playing an important indirect role in increasing the per capita income and standards of living of people in Maharashtra.

Information technology industry :

• Information technology industry includes various components like searching for technical information, obtaining information, analyzing information, compiling information, graphic presentation of information and providing information.
• Information technology industry provides various types of information through internet on computers, mobiles and other devices.
• This industry provides information at comparatively less cost, time and efforts.
• The obtained information can be used for personal, economic, social, cultural, etc. development.
• India has made rapid progress in this industry.

Corporate social responsibility :

• Corporate social responsibility is responsibility shown by the industrialists by working for the betterment of the society and for conserving environment.
• Corporate social responsibility increases the welfare of people and so proves beneficial to the society.

Example : Industries making annual profit of more than 5 crores are expected to spend 2% of their profits on some of the following acts :

• Providing educational or health facilities
• Establishing centres for mentally or physically challenged, widows, other needy people
• Developing a particular village or region
• Establishing environmental development centres, etc.