Solutions-Class 8-Civics-Chapter-2-The Indian Parliament-Maharashtra Board

(a) territorial constituencies

(b) Vice-President

Members of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are known as Members of Parliament (MPs)

The responsibility of making laws is with Parliament

• The tenure of the members of Rajya Sabha does not get over at the same
• 1/3^rd of the total membership of Rajya Sabha retire after every two years and equal number of new members get elected.
• Because the limited members of Rajys Sabha retire step by step, it can
• function continuously.
• Since Rajya Sabha is never dissolved completely it is called a permanent House.

• Lok Sabha is the lower and the first House of the Parliament ot India.
• Lok Sabha is the House of Representatives directly elected by the people.

Hence, Lok Sabha is knovm as the first House.

• As per the Constitution, there can be a maximum of 552 members in Lok
• General elections to Lok Sabha are held after every five years and members are directly elected by the people.
• To ensure equal representation to all sections of the community, some seats are reserved for members belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• In case there are no representation from the Anglo-Indian community, the President can appoint two members from this community to the Lok Sabha.
• Thus, Lok Sabha is the representative body of the citizens of India.

The functions ot the Speaker of Lok Sabha are :

• To conduct the business of the House in an unbiased manner.
• To take care of the rights and privileges of the members of Lok Sabha.
• To interpret the rules of daily functioning of the House and work accordingly.
• To maintain the decorum and dignity of the House.

There are two types of bills that are primarily introduced in House of the

Parliament. (1) Money Bill (2) Ordinary Bill.

In order to be converted into an Act (Law), the Bill undergoes following Process :

 (i) First reading :

• The minister of the concerned department/ministry or member of the parliament presents the bill and briefly explains its nature while presenting it.

(ii) Second reading :

• The objectives of the proposed Bill are discussed and members in the house express their opinions on it.
• The supporters of the bill give favourable opinions while the opponents discuss the defects and faults in the bill.
• After the discussion within the house, as per the requirement, the bill is sent to a committee of the House.

(iii) Committee Stage :

• Sometimes, if required, the Bill is sent to the committee of the House.
• The Bill is discussed in the Committee in details.
• The Committee report consisting of instructions and recommendations is sent
• to the House.
• The Bill is discussed clause by clause and then voting is taken.

(iv) Third reading :

• The Bill is once again discussed in the House.
• Voting is taken for approving the Bill.

(v) Approval oi the other House :

• The Bill has to undergo the same procedure even in the other House.
• The Bill is approved by majority.

(vi) Assent by the President :

• After getting an approval from both the Houses, the Bill is further sent for assent by the President.
• After the final assent and signature of the President, the Bill is converted into Law.