Solutions-Class 8-Geography-Chapter-7-Population-Maharashtra Board

If the birth rate is greater than the death rate then the population increases

People of 15 to 59 age group are included in the productive population

The spread of modern technology in society is mostly dependent on literacy

Incorrect

Correct sentence : The population density of a region can be understood from

its area and the total volume of population living in it.

Correct

Correct

Incorrect.

Correct sentence: Greater economic prosperity as well as higher standards of living, higher quality of life, availability of opportunities, freedom, etc. indicate the

development of region.

Incorrect.

Correct sentence : Developing countries have and HDI of 0.50 to 0.60.

The following are the aspects considered in the structure of population :

• Sex ratio/structure: A sex ratio/structure is a structure that examines population subdivison based on gender.
• Age structure: An age structure is a framework that examines population subdivison based on age groupings.
• Occupational structure: An occupational structure is a framework that examines population subdivison based on reliance and workability.
• Rural-urban structure: A rural-urban structure is one that examines population sub-division based on area of residence.
• Literacy structure: A literacy structure is one that divides the people into subgroups based on their ability to read and write.

Advantageous factors :

• Availability of sufficient sunlight, clean air and water.
• Region with low altitude
• Moderate rainfall and temperature
• Fertile soil
• Deposits of minerals
• Industrialisation
• Urbanisation
• Availability of transportation facilities
• Availability of market
• Political stability
• International peace
• Favourable government policies
• Favourable social customs and traditions.

Disadvantageous factors :

• Shortage of sufficient sunlight, clean air and water.
• Region with high altitude
• Extremely less or more rainfall and temperature
• Infertile soil
• Scarcity of minerals
• Low industrialisation
• Lack of urbanisation
• Non-availability of transportation facilities
• Non-availability of market
• Political instability
• International disputes
• Unfavourable government policies
• Evil social customs and traditions.

Some of the problems in areas of high population densities are:

• Pollution of land, water, and air as a result of increased human activity and waste creation.
• A lack of open space reduces land availability for homes, agriculture, leisure, and other uses.
• Scarcity of resources, high demand for food, water, electricity, health care, education, and other necessities.
• Cause issues with social security such as overpopulation, congestion, crime, poverty, unemployment, and social discontent.

The following are the problems in areas of low population densities :

• Shortage of labour supply
• Low levels of demand for various goods and services
• Under utilization of resources, etc.

• The economic and cultural development of any country depends upon the volume and the quality of population.
• If a country has a high volume and less quality of population, it has slow economic growth and development.
• If a country has optimum population with high quality of population, it has fast economic growth and development. Thus, population is an important resource.

• People between the ages of 16 and 59 are considered productive. As a result, this group is known as the productive population.
• People under the age of 16 and above the age of 60 are classified as dependant or non-working.
• A productive population/people who work in service or business. As a result, they play a critical part in a country's economic growth and development.
• A country that has a higher proportion of productive people and young grows fast. As a result, the productive population is an important demographic.

• The study of age structure helps to know the percentage of children, adolescents, youth, middle aged, and old aged in population.
• The study of age structure helps to know the proportion of productive people (Working people between 16 years to 59 years of age) and unproductive people (Non working people below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age).
• The study of age structure helps government in planning various economic, social, educational, medical, etc. schemes for the overall development of country.
• The study of age structure helps to know the speed of economic growth. Thus, the study of age structure is important.

• The country with high literacy rate, develops rapidly in economic, social and cultural aspects.
• The country with low literacy rate, faces many obstacles in its economic, social and cultural growth and development.
• Literacy rate is related to quality of life, the opportunities available and freedom.

Thus, literacy is directly related to development.

• Human Development Index is calculated by taking into account the values of economic, health and education
• Thus, Human Development Index is calculated on the basis of Gross National Product, life expectancy and literacy rate.
• Human Development Index indicates the standard of living, economic and social welfare, quality of life, opportunities available and freedom.
• Therefore, the real progress of a country is understood with the help of the Human Development Index.

The number of females per thousand males is called sex ratio.

The sex ratio is calculated with the help of the following formula :

Sex ratio = \(\frac{\text{Total number of males}}{\text{Total number of females}}\) x 1000

• If the number of females per thousand males is less, the sex ratio is considered to be low. On the other hand, if the number of females per thousand males is more, the sex ratio is considered to be high.
• According to Census 2011, the sex ratio was highest (1084) in the state of Kerala. According to Census 2011, the sex ratio was 929 in the state of Maharashtra.
• Out-migration of males leads to high sex ratio in a region from where males have out-migrated. Less female birth rate leads to low sex ratio.

• Sub division of population as per age groups is known as age structure.
• Age structure is helpful in knowing the proportion of children, adolescents, young, middle aged and old people in population.
• It is also helpful in knowing proportion of active population (Population between the ages 16 and 59) and dependent population (Population below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age).
• Age structure is helpful to the government in framing various policies.

• People above the age of seven can be classified based on their ability to read and write.
• People over the age of seven who are unable to read and write are classified as illiterate. Literates, on the other hand, are persons above the age of seven who can read and write.
• A high literacy rate is an indicator of a society's social and economic growth. on the other side, a high illiteracy rate slows societal economic, social, and cultural growth.
• Literacy rates are connected to quality of life, accessible opportunities, and freedom.

Thus, it is directly related to development.