Solutions-Class 8-History-Chapter-8-Civil Disobedience Movement-Maharashtra Board

Ramsay Mac Donald organised the Round Table Conference in London.

Khan Abdul Gafar Khan established the organisation named Khuda-i-Khidmatgar

Sarojini Naidu led the Dharasana Satyagraha.

In the Second Round Table Conference Mahatma Gandhi participated as a representative of Indian National Congress.

• Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan began Satyagraha at Peshawar on 23^rd April, 1930. His organisation Khuda-i-Khidmatgar led the satyagraha.
• They kept Peshawar town in their control for a week.
• The British government ordered Garhwal regiment to fire on the satyagrahis.
• Chandrasing Thakur an officer of the Garhwal Regiment refused to fire on the Satyagrahis.
• Therefore, he was court martialled and severely punished.

• After the Salt Satyagraha many movements which were integral of Civil Disobedience Movement started.
• The mill workers in Solapur observed hartal and organised a huge procession on 6th May 1930.
• The District Collector ordered tiring on procession. Many volunteers including Shankar Shivdare died in the firing.
• People got enraged and attacked railway stations, police stations, courts, municipal buildings, etc.

Therefore, Martial law was imposed in Solapur by the government.

• In India, the Civil Disobedience Movement became more active in 1930.
• Ramsay Mac Donald, the British Prime Minister, organised a Round Table Conference in London to talk about constitutional issues concerning India.
• The meeting was attended by representatives from several political groups and princely republics.
• Without the participation of the Congress which was a body that represented the country deliberations were meaningless.

Thus, the deliberation in the First Round Table Conference proved to be meaningless.

• The Communal Award declared by the British Prime Minister Ramsay Mac
• Donald provided separate electorates for the Dalits.
• This division of the society on the basis of caste was not acceptable to Gandhiji.
• Therefore, to protest against the Award, Gqndhiji began fast unto death in the Yerawada jail.

• Before beginning Civil Disobedience movement, Gandhiji put up demands in front of the British Government to cancel the salt tax and monopoly of British Government for manufacture of salt.
• Being an important ingredient in the food of the common people, it was unjust to impose a tax on salt.
• But the demands of Gandhiji were rejected by the Government therefore he decided to launch Satyagraha all over India by breaking the salt act., which was symbolic in breaking all unjust and oppressive laws of the British.

• Following the failure of the first Round Table Conference, Prime Minister Ramsay Mac Donald expressed hope that the Indian National Congress would attend the Second Round Table Conference.
• Gandhiji and other political leaders were freed from prison to create a suitable environment.
• Following discussions between Gandhiji and Viceroy Irwin, a pact was signed.
• According to the pact, the British Government promised to provide Responsible Government in India's proposed constitution.
• As a result, the Congress agreed to stop the Civil Disobedience Movement and attend the Second Round Table Conference.

• 12 March 1930 - Gandhiji set out from Sabarmati Ashram for Salt Satyagraha.
• 6 April 1930 - Gandhiji broke the Salt Act by picking up the salt lying on seashore at Dandi
• 23 April 1930 - Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan began Satyagraha at Peshawar.
• 4 May 1930 - Gandhiji was arrested for breaking the Salt Act
• 6 May 1930 - The mill workers in Solapur observed hartal and organised a huge procession