Solutions-Class 8-History-Chapter-9-Last Phase of Struggle for Independence-Maharashtra Board

Vinoba Bhave was the first stayagrahi of Individual satyagraha.

The nation wide movement of 1942 is also called August Kranti.

In November 1943, Japan conquered Andaman and Nicobar islands and handed them over to Azad Hind Government.

• The Second World War began in Europe in 1939. The then Viceroy Lord Linlithgo declared that India has joined the war on the side of the British, without consulting the Indian leaders.
• England claimed that it was fighting to save democracy in Europe.
• Thereupon, the Congress claimed that if that claim is true then England should grant Independence to India immediately.
• England refused to fulfill this demand and therefore the provincial ministers of Indian National Congress resigned in November 1939.

• The Indian National Army fought against the British in adverse circumstances under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose.
• The Imphal Campaign of Indian National Army remained incomplete as the Japanese stopped helping the Indian National Army.
• In the same period, Japan accepted defeat in the Second World War.
• On 18 August 1945, Subhash Chandra Bose died in a plane crash.

Under these circumstances, the soldiers of the Indian National Army had to lay down their arms.

During the Quit India Movement, parallel governments were established in many parts of India. It rendered great service by doing work like :

• Opposition to money lenders
• Prohibition of liquor
• Spread of literacy
• Opposition to caste distinctions, etc.

Due to this, the Parallel Government became a source of inspiration for the public.

• Shirishkumar Mehta was an Indian freedom fighter who participated in the Quit India Movementwith Mahatma Gandhi in 1942. 
• He was a teenager who led a procession of schoolchildren through Nandurbar, waving the tricolour flag, despite the fact that he and other students were killed by police firing. It was an inspiring act.
• His sacrifice gives inspiration to us to do work for the society and country.
• Shirishkumar inspires us to do out work fearlessly without being a victim of injustice and oppression.
• He also inspires us to make sacrifice, have faith in work and determination.

• During the second world war, England supported America against Japan.
• The Japanese army reached the eastern borders of India. As England was ruling India, there was possibility of japan attacking India.
• The British realised that if Japan attacks India, then they will need co-operation from the Indians.
• Hence the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent Sir Stafford Cripps
• to India in March 1942.

• On August 8, Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru's Quit India Resolution was passed with an overwhelming majority.
• The leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested the same night.
• The news of these arrest aroused strong resentment.
• Protesters staged processions, attempted to seize government offices, and attacked jails, police stations, and railway stations.
• Schoolchildren marched in procession and chanted "Vande Mataram."
• People were not terrified, even when the cops used lathi charges and gunfire. Young and elderly alike shown determination and courage.