Solution-Class 9-History-Chapter-2-India: Events after 1960-Maharashtra Board

The Prime Minister of India who took an initiative in resolving the question of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka was Rajiv Gandhi

S. Swaminathan is the father of the Green Revolution in India.

Wrong pair : Chandrashekhar – Mandal Commission.

Globalisation is the process of connecting the national economy with the world economy. This will lead to the free flow of goods, services, technology and labour across the world.

• Globalisation was a part of the economic reforms introduced in India in 1991.
• The Indian economy flourished as a result of the implementation of this policy. The foreign investment in India increased.
• The field of information technology opened several avenues of employment in the country.
• The changes after 1991 are also described as ‘globalisation’.

The term ‘White Revolution’ indicates increase in the production of milk and milk products. The experiment in cooperative dairy movement by Dr. Verghese Kurien led to increase in milk production in India. Thereby, India achieved self-sufficiency in the requirement of milk.

• Many opposition parties came together and formed Janata Party in 1977 against the backdrop of emergency.
• Janata Party defeated Congress and came to power in 1977.
• Shri Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister in 1977.
• However, due to the internal differences among the constituent parties of the Janata Party, the government of Shri Morarji Desai did not last long.

• The separatist Sikhs in Punjab demanded an independent state of Khalistan.
• The movement of Khalistan became violent and destructive.
• Pakistan had lent support to this movement.
• The Government of India sent the army in Amritsar .
• Operation Blue Star was carried out by the Indian Army to evict the terrorists who had allegedly taken shelter in the Golden Temple in Amritsar,

• After independence, India wanted to achieve economic development and eliminate poverty by means of industrialisation.
• India wanted to modernise economy, achieve economic self-sufficiency and establish social justice.
• India wanted to acquire modernity and self-reliance by establishing industries.
• Five-year plans needed coordination.
• Therefore, the (National) Planning Commission was established.

[The planning machinery set up by the Government of India in 1950 was named as ‘Planning Commission’.]

• The Soviet Union disintegrated into several small countries in 1991.
• The Cold War came to an end in 1991.
• Many changes in the Indian economy were initiated by the government under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao. The government started economic reforms.
• During this period, the Ram Janmabhumi and Babri Mosque issue at Ayodhya came to the forefront.

• The objectives of the Indian economy in the post-independence period are modernisation of economy, economic self-sufficiency, social justice, elimination of poverty and industrialisation as means to achieve economic development.
• To establish an economy based on social justice Planning Commission was established.
• It was entrusted the task to coordinate development through Five-year plans.