Question 1.
(A) Choose right option and write the sentence.
(1) On 19th July 1969 .......... major banks in India were nationalised.
(a) 12
(b) 14
(c) 16
(d) 18
Facilities for SAARC countries :
(2) ............... declared a 20 point programme.
(a) Pandit Nehru
(b) Lal Bahadur Shastri
(c) Indira Gandhi
(d) P. V. Narsimha Rao
Facilities for SAARC countries :
(B) Identify the wrong pair and rewrite the corrected one.
(1) Kavasaji Davar - Iron and Steel factory
(2) Dr Datta Samant - Leadership of mill workers
(3) N. M. Lokhande - Holiday for mill workers
(4) Narayan Survey - Depiction of lives of workers through poems
Facilities for SAARC countries :
Wrong Pair: Kawasji Dawar - Iron and Steel Factory
Question 2.
(A) Complete the following chart.
| Five year plan |
Duration |
Purposes |
| First |
|
Agriculture, Social development |
| Second |
1956-1961 |
Industrialisation |
| Third |
|
Elimination of inequality,
increasing the opportunities for employment, increase in
national income
|
|
1969-1974 |
Scientific research, health
and family planning
|
| Fifth |
|
|
Facilities for SAARC countries :
| Five year plan |
Duration |
Purposes |
| First |
1951-1956 |
Agriculture, Social development |
| Second |
1956-1961 |
Industrialisation |
| Third |
1961-1966 |
Elimination of inequality, increasing the opportunities for employment, increase in national income |
| Fourth Plan |
1969-1974 |
Scientific research, health
and family planning
|
| Fifth |
1974-1979 |
Economics Self-sufficiency Poverty alleviation |
(B) Explain the concepts.
(1) Mixed Economy
Facilities for SAARC countries :
- Under the leadership of Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal, India adopted the mixed economy model for economic development after gaining independence.
- It is a golden mean between capitalist economy and the socialist economy. There is co-existence of public sector and private sector, besides the joint sector.
- The industries such as defence equipment factories are in public sector, under the control and management of the government.
- Consumer goods industries are one example of a private sector industry that is owned by private industrialists. The government and private industrialists work together to operate the joint sector.
(2) 20-point Programme
Facilities for SAARC countries :
On July 1st, 1975, Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi announced the 20-point programme, which outlined the determination to make efforts toward quickly developing the country. The following are a few of the 20-point program's provisions:
- Ceiling on urban and agricultural land, equitable distribution of wealth (wrongly given as equal in the textbook) minimum wages for workers and increase in water conservation schemes.
- Workers participation in management (wrongly given as industry) national training programme and freeing of bonded labour.
- Prevention of tax evasion, smuggling and other economic crimes.
Question 3.
(A) Give reasons.
(1) Independent India opted for mixed economy.
Facilities for SAARC countries :
- By having a mixed economy, beneficial aspects (advantages) of both the capitalist and socialist systems can be adopted.
- Priority was given to economic development in India after independence.
- Economic development requires development of basic and heavy industries which require huge capital investment and the returns take much longer time.
- Not many industrialists were keen to invest in these industries and it was left to the government to take the initiative.
- Therefore, India opted for the mixed economy.
(2) Banks were nationalised in 1969.
Facilities for SAARC countries :
- When banks were nationalised, their profits went into the government's treasury. It was essential to cover the deficits if they occurred while implementing different schemes.
- Additionally, India needed money to develop its small-scale and pharmaceutical industries.
- Lal Bahadur Shastri launched the Green Revolution experiment to overcome food shortages and drought.
- The ‘Congress Forum for Socialist Action‘, a group within the Congress Party demanded nationalisation of banks, which was supported by the Communist Party.
- Therefore, fourteen commercial banks were nationalised in 1969.
(3) Mill workers went on strike.
Facilities for SAARC countries :
- As workers in other industries received higher pay, better benefits, and more bonuses in the 1980s, unrest among textile mill workers started growing.
- Workers at textile mills anticipated a 20% bonus for Diwali 1981, but Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh only agreed to an 8% to 17% bonus without asking the workers. (3) This caused unrest among the workers.
- Dr. Datta Samant was approached to take leadership of textile mill workers in 65 mills. He agreed to lead the strike.
- As a result, the textile mills went on strike on 18th January, 1982.
(B) Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words.
(1) Which programmes were started in the 8th five-year plan?
Facilities for SAARC countries :
During the Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997) the following programmes were started :
- Pradhanmatri Rozgar Yojana.
- Mahila Samruddhi Yojana
- Rashtriya Samajik, Arthik Sahayya Yojana
- Midday Meal Scheme
- Indira Mahila Vikas Yojana
- Ganga Kalyan Yojana
(2) Which projects were started in the 2nd five-year plan?
Facilities for SAARC countries :
The Second Five-Year Plan (1956 to 1961) gave priority to industrialisation.
- Iron and steel plants (in the public sector) were built in Durgapur, Bhilai, and Rourkela.
- Sindri, a plant for chemical fertilisers was established.
- Railway engine factory at Chittarajan and railway coach (given as railway bogies) at Perambur were established.
- Ship building activity (given as factory) was started at Vishakhapattanam.
- Heavy and basic industries were set up in the public sector.
- To produce electricity and provide irrigation for agriculture, massive multipurpose projects like the Bhakra-Nangal Dam and Damodar Valley were built.