Solution-Class 9-History-Chapter-6-Empowerment of Women and other Weaker Sections-Maharashtra Board

(c) Andhra Pradesh

(a) Dr Phulrenu Guha

Wrong Pair : Jyoti Mhapsekar - Women’s Commission

Alimony is a set sum of money that a divorced spouse pays to support a married woman. In India, there are varied alimony laws for various religions.

• A smaller group of members of a certain religion, language, or race are referred to as a minority in any culture.
• Minorities have rights to the preservation and protection of their own languages, cultures, and traditions.
• They have the right to establish independent educational institutions for this. For their advancement, the government puts several plans into action.

• 1975 was designated as International Women's Year by the UN.
• In 1975, the Indian government established a commission headed by Dr. Phulrenu Guha to study the status of women.
• A thorough investigation found evidence of discrimination based on gender.
• In 1975, the Stree-Mukti Sangharsha Samiti conducted a state conference on problems pertaining to women.
• It was resolved to fight against discrimination based on gender, caste, and varna in its manifestation, which was published in 1978.

As a result, the women's liberation movement began.

• Violence against women continued even after the Prevention of Dowry Act was passed in 1961.
• According to the investigation, dowries are the primary reason for female suicide or bride burning.
• It was felt that the rules needed to be stricter. As a result, in 1984, the Prevention of Dowry (Amendment) Act was passed.

• The principles of freedom, equality, fraternity, and social justice were incorporated into the Indian Constitution.
• Untouchability was a social stigma in Indian society.
• It went against the principles upheld by the Indian Constitution.

Therefore, the practice of untouchability was abolished by Article 17 of the Constitution.

• India has a diverse cultural population. In India, there are many different languages and religions.
• Cultural traditions also differ from one another.
• The constitution has granted cultural and educational rights to the minorities in order to help them maintain their cultural heritage and strengthen their languages.

• At the foothills of the Himalayan forests, Sunderlal Bahuguna and Chandiprasad Bhat formed a movement in 1973.
• It was started to stop the removal of trees for economic gain.
• A significant proportion of women took part. They adopted the technique of circling and embracing trees while holding hands.
• As a result of this strategy, the movement earned the title "Chipko Movement."
• It not only prevented the trees from being cut down, but it also demonstrated the power of women.

• In 1993, Parliament passed the Human Rights Protection Act to eliminate discrimination against both men and women.
• Along similar lines, it formed the National Human Rights Commission. State Human Rights Commissions were also established in various states.
• This law is intended to lessen the unfair treatment of women, including divorced women, collective oppression, and occupational exploitation.

• Vinoba Bhave used the combined strength of women in the Bhoodan movement for good. Women volunteers spread the Bhoodan message throughout all of India.
• The Laatne Morcha, led by Mrinal Gore in Mumbai, demonstrated united female strength by fighting against the shortage of goods and rising prices.
• The Telangana Peasants Armed Struggle against the Nizam and the feudal system included a substantial contribution from women.
• As their territory was liberated from bonded labour, the ladies gained freedom.
• At the foothills of the Himalaya, during Sundarlal Bahuguna's Chipko Movement, the ladies adopted the tactic of encircling (embracing) each tree while holding hands. As a result, they stopped felling trees for profit.
• In Andhra Pradesh, a women's anti-alcohol movement resulted in severe regulations prohibiting the sale of arrack, a locally made alcoholic beverage that wreaked havoc among the poor families.