Solution-Class 9-Political Science-Chapter-5-India and other Countries-Maharashtra Board

(c) Nepal

(a) Pakistan and China

(d) All of the above

The above statement is True.

Reasons:

• Geographically and politically, India's position in Asia is important.
• India is geographically the largest country in South Asia.
• India has built relationships with its neighbors on the principles of values like equality and mutual respect.
• India is economically and most technically developed (advanced) country in South Asia.
• Thus, India naturally effects powerful impact over other South Asian countries as a result.

False.

Reasons:

• The boundaries between India and China are disputed.
• There is disagreement on the issues of Tibet. Thus, this issue has been responsible for the conflict between the two.
• China had invaded India in 1962.
• The growing friendship between China and Pakistan poses a threat to India's security.
• India has made so many attempts to improve relations but has not met with much success.

True.

Reasons:

• After 1985, there was political unrest in Sri Lanka.
• Political unrest in Sri Lanka was caused by disagreements between the government and the Tamil people.
• India wished for the differences between the Tamils and the Sri Lankan government to be settled peacefully.

• Even though the purpose of the 1971 conflict was to establish Bangladesh, it also included the Kashmir issue.
• Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, signed the Shimla Agreement in 1972 following Pakistan's defeat in the Indo-Pak War.
• It was agreed that bilateral agreements should be used to settle the unresolved issues between India and Pakistan.
• It provided a new format to the interaction between India and Pakistan.

• Nepal, a landlocked nation, has a free international border with India that gives it access to the outside world.
• The 1950 Indo-Nepalese Friendship Treaty laid the foundation for the friendship between India and Nepal.
• According to this treaty, Nepalese citizens can not only enter India, but they are also permitted to take up government jobs and carry on trade in India.

• The MacMahon line has a connection to the border dispute between China and India.
• China claims that the area south of Aksai China and MacMahon Line (Arunachal Pradesh) is Chinese Territory.
• China is unwilling to admit the MacMahon Line as India and China's international border.
• India made several attempts to resolve this disagreement through negotiation.
• Thus, this has given rise to a border dispute which led to the Chinese invasion of India in 1962.

• In Afghanistan, there is a huge amount of political instability.
• India has offered assistance to bring peace, security, and stability, to reduce violence, and to set up a democratic government in Afghanistan as normalcy has returned.
• India is helping Afghanistan in reestablishing communication facilities, build roads, schools, health facilities and irrigation projects.
• In the areas of science and technology, India is also expanding its cooperation.

• India's major trade partner has traditionally been the America. Military cooperation between the two nations significantly improved after the end of the cold war.
• In 1991, India adopted a free market economy, which improved trade relations.
• Because of India's nuclear tests in 1998, there were tense relations between the two countries. India was able to convince the United States that it will use nuclear weapons responsibly.
• The Indo-American relationship went through a complete transformation, which increased India and American cooperation. A significant development in Indo-American relations was the Civil Nuclear Agreement, which was signed in 2005 and ratified by the US Congress in 2008.

• Bangladesh was founded in 1971 with support from India.
• There were linguistic and political conflicts between West Pakistan and the former East Pakistan.
• India actively supported the effort to free Bangladesh. Bangladesh voluntarily accepted democracy with India's help.
• India has contributed to the establishment of democracy, peace, security, and stability in Afghanistan and Nepal.

• The SAARC was founded with the intention of promoting economic cooperation among South Asian countries and, as a result, advancing the development of the South Asian region.
• The SAARC organization serves as a platform to increase trade between South Asian nations.
• There are currently eight countries that are members of the SAARC as of 2017. These nations are: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan
• SAARC provides a platform for South Asian nations to interact and discuss issues of public interest.

• The lack of trust between India and Pakistan is the main source of tension. By increasing trade, working together to develop the economy, and interacting in cultural and educational exchanges, two countries citizens can build trust.
• The leadership must show maturity in matters like sharing river waters. Respect must be shown for the agreement in this matter.
• The rhetoric that reflects the two nations as "enemies" must end so that they can resolve even the Kashmir issue within the parameters of the Shimla Agreement.
• Two nations should resolve to respect one another's sovereignty and avoid from intruding in one another's internal affairs.
• Terrorism is causing havoc in Pakistan and India. They should evolve a joint strategy to tackle terrorism and put an end to the terrorist activities.

I thoroughly agree that tense relationships with neighbouring nations are barriers to the country's development.

• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister, was a visionary who prioritized constructing friendly relationships with the neighbouring nations. In his opinion, India will be able to concentrate on economic growth if there are no tense relations with its neighbours.
• The enormous expenditure on the nuclear programme and military capabilities could be decreased if there were no conflicts. This could be effectively applied to reduce poverty, develop the agricultural and industrial sectors, and ultimately bring about economic prosperity.
• The nation will be able to focus on human security.

I entirely agree with the view that strong and healthy relations with America are conducive to India's economic development.

• Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Indian Former Prime minister, and George W. Bush Jr., the American President, signed the India-U.S. Civil-Nuclear Agreement in 2005.
• The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) approved the agreement in 2008.
• As a result of this agreement, India was able to obtain nuclear technology from other nations as well.
• America is a technically advanced nation. It might provide the capital and technology needed for India's economic growth.
• The American universities can set up campuses in India and offer the nation's youth the best education possible. This upcoming generation will be in charge of overall development.
• Economic development will result in wealth and support efforts to reduce poverty in India.