(a) Police Control Room - 100
(b) Fire brigade -101
(c) Ambulance - 102
(d) National level single emergency number for disaster relief -108 / 112

(a) Following first aid should be provided for dog bite:

• A dog bite wound must be very thoroughly cleaned, first with soapy water and then with an antiseptic.
• Rinsed with solution of potassium permanganate.
• Cover the wound with a bandage.
• Victim should be taken to doctor for proper dressing of wound & Injection of anti-rabies.
• If this is not done, the bite might lead to rabies.

Following first aid should be provided for scratches/bleeding:

• Our first priority should be to stop bleeding
• Clean the wound with cotton soaked in antiseptic lotion.
• Keep the bleeding part above the level of Heart
• Apply bandage (in case of a smaller wound) or antiseptic lotion and wrap with a bandage (in case of a bigger wound).

• In case of heavy bleeding, tie a handkerchief above the wound to stop bleeding.

Following first aid should be provided for burns/scalds:

Minor Burns:

• Pour plenty of cold water immediately over it, or held under running water.

• Apply an anti-burn ointment. Oily ointments should not be applied.
• Victim should be given water to drink.
• Dry dressings should be used to cover the wounds.

• Immediate home remedies:
  • Apply baking soda mixed with water
  • Apply the paste of turmeric and milk
  • Apply the paste of raw potato.

Severe Burns:

• In case clothes of a person catch fire, cover the person with a blanket and make the person roll over the ground in order to put out the fire.
• Make the person lie down in an open space.

• Remove the burnt clothes that are not sticking to the body. Clothes may be stuck to victim's body, do not pull them.
• Jewelry, shoes and tight clothes should be removed.
• Apply anti-burn ointment on the burn.
• Conscious victim should be given water to drink but other stimulating drinks like tea or coffee should not be given.
• Try to get medical aid as soon as possible.
• Give emotional support to the victim.

Following first aid should be provided for snakebite:

• Give the emotional support to the victim. Keep the person calm and restrict any movement.

• Do not make him eat or drink anything.

• Wash the wound with water.

• Tightly tie a handkerchief above the bite to prevent the poison from spreading and reaching to the vital organ.

• Seek medical attention immediately. and give anti-venom to the victim.

Following first aid should be provided for sunstroke:

• Make the person sit in the shade or a cool place.

• The body should be given cold sponge bath.

• Make the person drink plenty of water or liquids to stop the dehydration
• Apply cooling measures like ice towels to the neck of the patient.

• Patient should be made to lie in prone position i.e. on his / her abdomen with the head turned to one side.
• In case of seriousness of sunstroke, shift the patient to hospital or get medical help.

• Floods are caused, when there is excessive rains in the same place in a short span of time, then a river may overflow its banks.

• Due to heavy rainfall water drainage system falls short in the cities, leads to overflow of water from the water bodies, on the roads and surrounding areas. It may also enter the houses.
• Sudden melting of huge amount of ice at mountain tops can lead to flood in the regions nearby to mountains.
• Cloudburst can lead to flood.

Most of the time, the carelessness of someone can initiate the fire in the forest. Sometimes when there is excessive heat and the branches rub against each other causing friction then naturally it can lead to forest fires too.

• If there is dry foliage in the forest and the winds are blowing at a speed, the forest fires spread very rapidly.
• Uncontrolled fire in the forest or meadowland or grassland.
• The cause may be natural or man-made.
• Natural calamities like lightning strikes falling on the trees of a forest.
• Man made activities like smoking, setting thermal factories or campfires near the forest area, etc.

Landslide/building collapse can occur due to following reasons:

• Earthquake can cause landslide and building collapse.
• Volcanic eruption can cause landslide.
• If inferior material is used in the construction, then too there is a chance of collapse of buildings.
• Mining and weathering can cause landslides.
• Due to excessive rains or cloud bursting landslides can take place.

• Storms can occur either naturally or due to ecological imbalance occuring due to various human activities.
• When high and low pressure belts form in the atmosphere results in changes in the weather. These cause strong winds resulting in storms.

In the interior of earth, there is tremendous amount of energy. This energy results in seismic waves. It causes movements of the earth's surface in the form of tremors, shaking and cracking. The vibrations caused due to all these movements results in an earthquake.

 Earthquakes can occur due to following reasons:

• Volcanic eruption
• Meteors falling on the Earth’s surface
• Underground explosions. For example, underground nuclear tests.
• Collapsing structures such as mines etc.
• ​Besides natural causes, man-made causes such as mining and construction of large dams can also lead to an earthquake.

A sudden event that causes enormous damage to life, property and social aspects of a nation or society is called a disaster.

Disasters are of two types:
Man-made disasters: These disasters are the result of technological or human hazards. Examples of man-made disasters are road accidents, Toxic gas leakage from factory.

Natural disasters: There are due to imbalance occurring in nature various environmental factors. Examples of natural disasters are earthquakes, volcanic eruption, etc.

Disaster management  is taking proper steps to prevent disasters, developing capacity of tackling such situations, making the strategy and course of action to be executed at the time of any disaster to save life and property as as much possible.

Main components of disaster management are:
Preparation, Redemption, Preparedness, Response, Resurgence and Restoration.

Planning and executing these plans in case of disasters are the main components of Disaster management 

Sarpamitra (friend of snake) are volunteers who protects and safeguards snakes.

• Due to fear and lack of awareness about its toxicity, generally people have tendency to kill the snake if they come across their vicinity.
• Sarpa mitra go to such places. They capure the snakes, rescue, relocate and sent them into their natural habitat.
• They also demonstrate to people the various aspects of snakes and snake bites, what precautions and first-aid should be given in case of snake bite and the general idea of how to classify the snakes into poisonous and non-poisonous.

First aid box contain the following things:

• First-aid manual
• Sterile gauze pads of different sizes
• Bandage
• Antibiotic ointment
• Antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)
• Hydrocortisone cream (1%)
• Extra prescription medications
• Sharp scissors
• Safety pins
• Alcohol wipes or ethyl alcohol
• Plastic non-latex gloves
• List of emergency phone numbers