History is a coherent account of the significant past events in the progress of human civilization (culture).

The human settlements flourished wherever the means of livellhood are plentiful.

There is a less fertile land available in the hilly regions, there fore in hilly regions, people depend more on hunting and gathering for their food.

The Harappan civilization is the earliest civilization in India.

• Human life, to a large extent, depends on the geographical characteristics of the region in which they live.
• The climate, rainfall, agricultural produce, flora and fauna of the region where we live are the sources of livelihood.

The climate. rainfall, agricultural produce, flora and fauna of the region form the means of our livelihood.

South Asia is described as the ‘Indian subcontinent’. It consists of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh.

There is a close relationship between history and geography; because

• Time, place, society and individuals are the four major pillars of history.
• Place is one of the pillars and basis for writing history.
• Place is related to the; geographical conditions which influence the food habits, dressing, housing and economic activities of human beings in the given area — place.

• Damage of the environment, drought and the foreign invasion of the foreigners: make living of people difficult.
• As a result, people are forced to leave their settlements and: migrate to other places in search of the means of livelihood.

Hindukush and Himalayan mountain ranges

Khyber pass and Bolan pass

In Bangladesh.

Andaman and Nicobar islands

We see the Thar desert in Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat.