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Topics to be learn :
- Comparative study of India and Brazil with reference to tourist places, transport facilities and communication systems.
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(1) Tourism : Tourism is an invisible trade. Tourism is tertiary occupation. In tertiary occupations visible goods are not sold and purchased, rather invisible services are sold and purchased.
Tourism in Brazil :
The information of tourism in Brazil is as follows :
Features :
Features :
- Tourism is one of the important occupations.
- Ecotourism has recently developed.
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Tourist attractions : Clean, white sand beaches, scenic seacoasts, beautiful islands, increased preference for sports tourism, evergreen dense forests, variety of species of birds and animals, gardens and parks, etc. are the factors responsible for development of these tourism sites in Brazil.
- The carnival is celebrated in Brazil every year. It is world famous for samba music and dance. Every year, millions of tourists visit Rio de Janeiro to enjoy carnival festival.
The famous tourist places : Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, etc.
- Christ Redeemer is a statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro. It is 30 metres tall. It is located at the peak of Corcovado Mountain. It is a major tourist attraction.
Tourism in India : Due to natural diversity, many tourists from the different parts of India as well as many foreign tourists visit different tourist places in India. Due to tourism, many other services also grow in an economy.
In India though many people are engaged in tourism since decades, only recently the tourism occupation is carried out with professional outlook. Nowadays, remarkable growth is seen in various types of tourism and the facilities given to tourists.
The information of tourism in India is as follows :
Features :
Features :
- Tourism is one of the important occupations.
- Since 2010, the number of international (foreign) tourists is remarkably constantly growing.
- Many foreign tourists visit India for exploring Indian heritage and culture, to carry out adventurous or business activities and to receive health services, etc.
- Nowadays, ecotourism is promoted on a large scale.
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Tourists attractions : Cultural and historical heritages, sculptures, clean seacoasts, national parks, bird sanctuaries, etc.
Comparative study of tourism in India and Brazil :
Comparative study of tourism in India and Brazil :
- The number of international tourists visiting India in 2015 is more than that of Brazil.
- India’s share of tourism sector in the GDP is less than that of Brazil.
- The proportion of Indian population engaged in tourism proportion is higher than Brazil.
- Population of India is more than Brazil and so is its GDP. As the GDP of India is higher than Brazil and so also its population, therefore, the contribution of tourism to GDP appears lesser than Brazil and population engagement seems higher.
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(2) Transportation : Speedy and dense transport network is found in developed countries. On the other hand, slow and sparse transport network is found in underdeveloped countries. Thus, the type of transport indicates the development in a country.
Transportation in Brazil :
Transportation in Brazil :
The information of transportation in Brazil is as follows :
Waterways :
- Waterways have been developed on a commercial basis from the mouth of river Amazon to the mouth of river Equitos in Peru. The longest international waterway can be navigated through this waterway.
- water transport is also carried out in Parana river.
- Coastal shipping is carried out in the coastal areas.
Roadways :
- Roadways accounts for more than half of total transportation.
- High density of roadways is found in the eastern part.
- Sparse density of roadways is found in the Amazon river basin and swampy lands.
Railways :
- Developed in a limited way.
- Available at cheaper rate.
- Restricted to a few urban tourists route.
Airways : Contribution of airways in total transportation is less.
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Transportation in India :
Transportation in India : As compared to Brazil, India has a denser network of transport.
The information of transportation in India is as follows :
Waterways :
- Rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks, etc. are used for internal water transport.
- Waterways contribute only about 1% to the country’s total transportation.
- Ocean routes are used for the transportation between islands and the main land of country. Ocean routes are also used for international transportation.
- Nearly 95% of India’s foreign transport is carried out through ocean routes.
Roadways :
- About 85% of the total passenger traffic is facilitated by roadways.
- Nearly 70% of the total freight traffic is facilities by roadways.
Railways :
- Railways have been important for the growth of the Indian economy.
- Railways are used on a large scale for the transport of passenger and goods.
- Relatively less dense railway network is found in mountainous regions of north and northeast states, central region of India and arid region in the state of Rajasthan.
- A dense railway network is found in the North Indian plains.
Airways :
- International airways are well developed.
- Use of internal airways is gradually increasing.
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(3) Communication :
Official Brazilian Time (BRT) and communication in Brazil :
(A) Official Brazilian Time (BRT) :
- Brazil has four time zones. They are behind GMT by 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours.
- GMT -03 is considered to be the official time of Brazil. It is 3 hours behind
- Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT).
Communication in Brazil :
Communication in Brazil:
The information of communication in Brazil is as follows :
- The landline phone services, mobile phone services, television and radio broadcasting, computer and internet facilities, etc. telecommunication services are well developed.
- Nearly more than 45 per cent of Brazilian population has access to the internet facility.
- Use of modern telecommunication infrastructure in the central and the southern part.
- Limited communication infrastructure in sparsely populated northern and western part.
- Rigid topography and vast expanse are some challenges in the expansion of coverage of telecommunication services.
- Brazil is developing technology for launching domestically made satellites in space with its own rockets.
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Indian Standard Time : India has a large longitudinal extent.. The difference between the two extreme most points is 2 hours or 120 minutes.
- India has only one standard time zone.
- 80° 30'E is the Indian Standard Time.
- It is ahead of Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT) by 5 hours and 30 minutes.
Communication in India :
Communication in India :
- In this era of information and communication, the telecommunication industry has become one of the fast growing sectors and the use of digitally enhanced communication devices like mobile phones, internet, satellites, etc. has remarkably increased.
- India is one of the largest users of smartphones and internet.
- India has successfully launched its own satellites in space.
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