Solutions-Class 10-Science & Technology-2-Chapter-6-Animal Classification-Maharashtra Board

I am from phyllum Cnidaria or Coeleterata

I am Star fish/Asterias. I belong to the phyllum Echinodermata.

I belong to the phyllum Aschelminthes, name is Ascaris.

I am from Phyllum - Porifera

 Bath sponge: Classification

Grasshopper:  Classification

Rohu Classification:

Penguin Classification:

Frog: Classification

Lizard Classification:

Elephant  Classification

Jellyfish:  Classification

There were different methods of classification of animals, various scientists researched and contributed to biological classification. Based on their observations we have the current system of classification:

• Aristotle (384-322 BC): The first classification method was given by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. He took into account the criteria like body size, habits and habitats of the animals. This method was called artificial method of classification.
• Further due to advances in science the references were changed and there were some new methods of classification proposed.
• Carolous Linneaus (1707-1778): Also known as father of taxonomy, he classified living things into two kingdoms- Plantae and Animalia.
• Later, Dobzhansky and Meyer gave the system of classification based on evolution.
• Robert Whitakker (1920-1980): He gave the five kingdom classification- Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
• Carl Woese (1928-2012): In 1977 Carl Woese gave the three domain system of classification, where he classified all the organisms into three categories- Eukarya domain, Bacteria domain and Archae domain.

Grades of organization: The grades of organization mean the way an organism has different body formation. There are different grades of organization like:

Protoplasmic grade of organization: Unicellular organisms have a single cell in the body and hence the organization in its body is called protoplasmic grade of organization. Example amoeba

Cellular grade of organization: Some organisms have only cells in their body
which is called cellular grade of organization. It is a loose aggregation of cells in which the cells are functionally different from one another. Exapmle- Poriferans

Tissue grade of organization: In this, different cells performing similar functions are arranged into tissues. Exapmple- Coelenterates .They are said to have cell-tissue grade organization
Organ grade of organization: Here, different tissues are organized into organs and each organ is specialized for a particular function. Example- Platyhelminthes

• All other higher animals have organ-system grade organization.
  Examples: Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and chordates.

Symmetry : Symmetry on the other hand shows the base of the body formation.  The symmetry can be understood by taking an imaginary cut through the animal body.
Symmetry is a characteristic through which animals may be distinguished from each other.

Animals that can be divided into two identical halves in one plane exhibit bilateral symmetry. Most of the animals have bilateral symmetry and hence their organs are arranged in symmetric way on both the sides. Example Human beings and prawn

Animals that can be divided into many identical parts exhibit radial symmetry. The imaginary cut passing through the central axis can give more than one equal halves. The organs of such animals are arranged in a radius of an imaginary circle. e.g Cnidarians, Hydra and some echinoderms.

Animals that cannot be divided into identical parts are asymmetric. In asymmetric animals, there is no symmetry in any plane. e.g. Amoeba

Both grades of organization and symmetry are the bases for classifying animals into different phyla.

The classification of shark is as follows:
Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum-  Chordata
Sub- phylum- Vertebrata
Class- Pisces

Characteristic features of Echinodermata are:

• Marine organisms are called echinoderms because calcareous spines are present in the body of these animals.
• Their skeleton is made up of calcareous spines/ossicles (plates).
• They show radial symmetry in adult stage whereas they show bilateral symmetry in larval stage.
• These animals have the ability of regeneration. Hence the can restore their lost parts.
• Most of them are unisexual.
• Their locomotion with the helpof tube-feet which are also used for capturing the prey.
• Example: Starfish, Brittle star

Cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta. It shows all the features which are a characteristic of this phylum:

• It shows the presence of jointed appendages.
• It is triploblastic, coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical and segmented.
• It has chitinous exoskeleton around its body.
• It respires with the help of tracheal system.

• Tortoise belongs to the class reptilia and does not show any characteristic which is similar to the class amphibia except that it can live in both land and water.
• When tortoise lives on the land, it respires with the help of lungs. When in water, it keep nares (nasal openings) out of the water and breathesair. It cannot take up oxygen dissolved in water. In both the habitats it respires with the help of lungs.
• In case of true amphibians, this is not the case. They can breathe in water with the help of skin and on land with the help of lungs.
• Tortoise also has exo-skeleton which is lacking in Amphibia.
• Therefore, tortoise cannot be included in class Amphibia.

• Jelly fish has special cells on its tentacles called cnidoblasts. These cnidoblasts contain toxins which is a protective mechanism shown by organisms belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.
• On touching the jelly fish, this toxin is released causing reaction to our skin. Therefore our body gets irritating when comes in contact with jelly fish.

• The members of Vertebrata possess notochord during embryonic development.
• Thus, all vertebrates are chordates.
• However, all chordates possess the notochord in some period of their development and notochord gets replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adult.
• Thus, all chordates are not vertebrates.

• Balanoglossus is considered a connecting link between chordates and non chordates because it shows characteristics which are present in both the phylums.
• For example, Balanoglossus shows the presence of notochord and pharyngeal gill slits which is a characteristic feature of chordates. It also shows the presence of heart which is dorsal just like non chordates.

Reptiles are cold blooded organisms or poikilotherms, which means thermoregulatory is not present in their bodies Their body temperatures change with the change in the temperature of the environment. For example, if the outer temperature rises their body temperature also rises and vice or versa.

Collar cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera).

Earthworm shows bilateral symmetry

Star fish can regenerate it’s broken body part.

Bat is included in the class Mammalia.

Answer:

(1)

Hydra Kingdom- Animalia Division-Non-chordata Phylum- Coelenterata Genus- Hydra

(2)

Jelly Fish Kingdom- Animalia Division-Non-chordata Phylum- Colenterata

(3)

Planaria Kingdom- Animalia Division-Non-chordata Phylum- Platyhelmenthis Genus- Planaria

(4)

Round Worm Division-Non-chordata Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Aschelminthes Genus- Ascaris

(5)

Butter fly Division-Non-chordata Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Arthropda Genus- Rhopalocera

(6)

Earth Worm Kingdom- Animalia Division-Non-chordata Phylum- Annelida

(7)

Octopus Division-Non-chordata Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Mollusca Genus- Octpous

(8)

Star Fish Division-Non-chordata Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Echinodermata Genus- Asterias

(9)

Shark Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Choradata Class- Pieces Genus- Isurus

 (10)

Frog Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Amphibia   Genus- Rana

 (11)

Wall lizard Sub-phylum - Vertebrata Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Choradata Class- Reptilia Genus- Hemidactylus

(12)

Piegon Sub-phylum - Vertebrata Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Choradata Class- Aves Genus- Columba