Solution-Class 7-History-Chapter 2-India before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj-Maharashtra Board

(1) The Queen of Gondvana –Rani Durgawati

(2) The son of Udaysingh –Maharana Pratap

(3) The founder of Mughal dynasty –Babur

(4) The first Sultan of the Bahamani kingdom –Hasan Gangu

(5) The fighting force established by Guru Gobindsingh –Khalasa Dal

1-Babur

2-Sultanate

3-Muhammad Ghuri

• During the reign of Sultan Muhammad-bin-Tughluque of Delhi, there were many revolts in the south against the weak central power of Delhi.
• From these revolts arose the formidable Vijaynagar and Bahamani kingdoms.
• The disintegration of the Tughluque empire began during the reign of Muhammad Tukhluyue.
• The formidable revolts led by Harihar and Bukka led to the emergence of Vijuynagar Kingdom,
• The formidable revolt led by Hasan Gangu led to the emergence of the Bahamani Kingdom.

Mahmud Gawan, Chief Wazir of the Bahamani kingdom was a good administrator. He strengthened the Bahamani kingdom.

• Mahmud Gawan, started the practice of paying soldiers in cash instead of land grants.
• He brought discipline in the army.
• He introduced many reforms in the land revenue system.
• He opened a madarsa at Bidar for Arabic and Persian studies.

• The Mughals were engaged in a long conflict with Ahoms in the region of
• Brahmaputra river.
• The Ahoms united under the leadership of Gadadharsinha.
• Commander Lachit Borphukan gave an intense resistance to them.
• The Ahoms used guerilla technique in the conflict with the Mughals.
• As a result it became impossible for the Mughals to strengthen their base in Assam.

• Krishnadevraya ascended to the throne of Vijaynagar in 1509 CE.
• He conquered and annexed Vijaywada and Rajmahendri to his kingdom.
• He was a capable ruler and a great general.
• He was a great scholar and wrote Amuktamalyada, a compendium on polity in Telugu.
• He defeated the combined forces of the Bahamani Sultans led by Mahmud Shah.
• He built beautiful Hazar Ram temple and Vitthal temple.

• Sultana Chand Bibi(1550–1599 CE), was an Indian Muslim ruler and warrior.
• Chand Bibiis best known for defending Ahmednagar against the Mughal forces of Emperor Akbar in 1595. CE
• Chandbibi was a capable daughter of Husain Nizamshah of Ahmadnagar.
• However, the internal strife in the court of Nizamshah resulted in the murder of Chandabibi.
• This led to the capture of Ahmadnagar fort by the Mughals.

• Rani Durgavati, was the brave Gond queen,
• Rani Durgavati belonged to Chandel Rajput family.
• She took over the kingdom on her husband's death, and defied the mighty Mughal army.
• She became queen of Gondvana after her marriage.
• She was an exellent administrator.
• After the death of her husband, she fought for a long time against the army of Akbar.
• She refused to surrender to Emperor Akbar and fought till the end.

• Factionalism among the Bahamani Sardars increased after the death of Mahmud Gawan.
• The conflict with the Vijaynagar kingdom had an adverse effect on the Bahamani kingdom.
• The Provincial Governors began to act more independently.
• All these factors led to the disintegration of the Bahamani kingdom into five fragments.

(1) After the battle of Panipat, Rana Sanga of Mewad had brought together all Rajput kings.

(2) A battle was fought between Babur and Rana Sanga at Khanua.

(3) However, Babur’s artillery and reserved forces played a key role in the battle.

As a result, Rana Sanga’s army was defeated in the Battle of Khanua.

• Maharana Pratap of Mewad continued the struggle for existence.
• He gave a valiant fight to Akbar to maintain the independence of Mewad.
• Hence, Maharana Pratap has become immortal in history for his valour, courage, self-respect and sacrifices.

• Guru Teghbabadur was the ninth Guru of the Sikhs.
• He strongly protested against Aurangzeb's policy of religious intolerance.
• Hence, Aurangzeb Mprisoned and beheaded Guru Teghbahadur in 1675 CE.

• Aurangzeb failed to secure cooperation of the Rajputs due to his expansionist policy.
• Tle annexed Marwad after the death of Rana Jaswantsingh.
• Durgadas Rathod crowned Ajitsingh, the minor son of Jaswantsingh and fought against Aurangzeb for the survival of Marwad.

• 1336 CE – Establishment of Vijaynagar Kingdom
• 1347 CE – Establishment of Bahamani Kingdom.
• 1509 CE- Krishnadevaraya ascended the throne of Vijaynagar.
• 1526 CE – Establishment of the Mughal Power.