Notes-Class 8-History-Chapter-10-Armed Revolutionary Movement-Maharashtra Board

Introduction :

• In India, anti-British imperialist protests were carried out in a variety of ways.
• Alter the freedom struggle of 1857, Ramsinh Kuka organised a rebellion in
• Punjab.

Vasudev Balwaut Phadke :

• In Maharashtra, Vasudev Balwant Phadke fought an armed rebellion against the British.
• He believed that there should be an armed war against the British.
• Arms training was provided by Vastad Lahuji Salve.
• He formed Ramoshis and conducted an armed rebellion in Maharashtra, but he was defeated.
• The British Government committed him to Eden Jail, where he died in 1883.

Chafekar Brothers :

• The Plague epidemic broke out in 1897 in Pune.
• Commissioner Rand was appointed to manage the Plague epidemic.
• In order to control the epidemic, he used tyranny and force.
• As a revenge, the Chafekar brothers Damodar and Balkrishna shot him dead on 22 June, 1897.
• Damodar, Balkrishna and Vasudev these three brothers and their associate Mahadev Ranade were hanged to death.
• From the same house, three brothers accepted martyrdom for the service of the country.

Birsa Munda : The Munda Tribe in Bihar revolted against the government under the leadership of Birsa Munda.

Objectives of the Revolutionaries :

• To keep control over British officers.
• To loosen the Government Machinery.
• To wipe out the fear in the minds of Indians regarding the British government.
• Overthrow the British rule.

Abhinav Bharat :

• In 1900, Swatantryaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar founded ‘Mitramela’- a secret organisation of revolutionaries in Nasik. The same organisation was renamed as ‘Abhinav Bharat’ in 1904.
• Savarkar sent revolutionary literature, guns etc. to the members of Abhinav Bharat in India from England.
• On knowing the activities of Abhinav Bharat, the government arrested Babarao Savarkar.
• Babarao Savarkar was sentenced to life imprisonment for guiding the activities of Abhinav Bharat. It was active in Bengal.
• Anant Laxman Kanhere killed Jackson, collector of Nashik in retaliation to avenge sentence of Babarao Savarkar
• The government linked Abhinav Bharat and Savarkar with his murder.
• Swatantryaveer Savarkar was arrested and put on trial. So, the court sentenced him to fifty years of rigorous imprisonment.

Revolutionary Movement in Bengal :

• After the partition of Bengal, the outrage against the British became more severe.
• In Bengal, a revolutionary organisation called 'Anushilan Samiti' was active.
• This organisation received counsel and guidance from Aurobindo Ghosh.
• Barindrakumar Ghosh was chief of this organisation.
• In 1908, members of Anushilan Samiti, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose made an unsuccessful attempt to kill a judge Kingsford.
• During the investigation, police got information about the work of Anushilan Samiti.
• So, the government started arresting members of Anushilan Samiti.
• The government was unsuccessful in linking Aurobindo Ghosh to the manufacturing of bombs.
• Other members were sentenced to jail for longer period.

Revolutionary work in Madras Province :

• Vanchhi Iyyer killed British officer Ash.
• He shot himself and sacrificed his life.

India House :

• India House, founded by Pandit Shyamji Krishna Verma in London, was the centre of revolutionary activities outside India.
• It provided assistance to the revolutionaries staying abroad.
• It gave scholarships to the Indian students studying in England.
• Swatantryaveer Savarkar received such scholarship.

Gadar Movement :

During the First World War, revolutionary activity against the British government gained traction. The revolutionaries believed that power could be transferred into India with the support of British adversaries, and that Indian soldiers might also be used in this effort. To capitalise on this chance, revolutionary organisations were formed. 'Gadar' is one such crucial organisation.

• The Indians settled in America and Canada established the Gadar Organisation.
• The word Gadar means revolt. The objective of the organisation was to revolt against the British and free India from British rule.
• 'Gadar' Journal, the mouthpiece of the organisation voiced the evil effects of the British rule on India and published the news regarding the heroic deeds of the Indian revolutionaries.
• It conveyed the message of patriotism and armed rebellion to the Indian people.
• During the British rule, the Gadar Organisation decided to take advantage of the discontent against the British rule.
• It incited the Indian soldiers to revolt against the government.

Revolutionary movement in other countries :

• In collaboration with the German Foreign Ministry, Veerendra Nath Chattopadhyay, Bhupen Dutta, and Hardayal planned anti-British measures in Berlin.
• In Kabul, the Provisional Government of Free India was created in 1915 by Mahendra Pratap, Barkatullah, and Obaidullah Sindhi.

Kakori Conspiracy :

• After Gandhiji suspended Civil Disobedience, many youngsters like Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath
• Sanyal got diverted to revolutionary Ways.
• On 9^th August, 1925 they looted the Government treasury that was on a train near Kakori railway station in Uttar Pradesh.
• However, due to the immediate action of the government the revolutionaries were arrested and put on trial.
• Ashfaqulla Khan, Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahiri were hanged.
• Chandrashekhar Azad managed to escape.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association :

Objectives :

• Its objective was to free India from British exploitation.
• To overthrow the unjust socio-economic system which exploited farmers and workers.
• Creation of society based on social justice and equality.

Attack on Chittagong Armoury :

• Surya Sen drew a plan to attack the armoury at Chittagong.
• He and his associates raided two government armouries on the 18th April, 1930. They seized arms and ammunition.
• With him, revolutionaries such as Anant Singh, Ganesh Ghosh, Kalpana Datta, and Pritilata Waddedar cut off telephone and telegraph links, thereby paralysing communication.

Contribution of Revolutionaries in the freedom struggle of India :

• While fighting against British rule, these revolutionaries shown bravery and determination.
• Their patriotism and willingness to sacrifice served as an inspiration to the Indians.