Solutions-Class 8-History-Chapter-3-Effects of British Rule-Maharashtra Board

(b) Dutch

(d) Bajirao II

(c) Jamshedpur

• To strengthen the British rule in India there was a need of bureaucrats.
• Lord Cornwallis introduced bureaucracy. Civil services became an important part of British government.
• For the convenience of administration he divided the British occupied territories into districts. The District Collector was the chief of district administration.
• The officers were appointed through competitive examinations known as Indian Civil Services (ICS).

• Farmers grew food grains prior to the British era. It utilised to meet their domestic as well as the village's requirements.
• The British government began to increase its support for cash crops like as cotton, indigo, tobacco, and tea.
• Commercialization of agriculture means the process of focusing on the growth of profit-generating cash crops rather than food grains.

• Capitalist economy prevailed in England due to the Industrial Revolution.
• This system was brought to India to nurture the British economy.
• It resulted in the economic gains for England but exploitation and impoverishment of India.

• To raise income, the British made a variety of changes in the existing system.
• Revenue payment was made mandatory in cash and within the time period specified.
• If the revenue was not paid on time, the land was seized.
• Land income collection varied from location to location, resulting in farmer exploitation.
• Farmers were obliged to sell their produce at a cheap price to merchants and intermediaries in order to pay revenue.
• Farmers got indebted to moneylenders after mortgaging land to pay taxes.
• Farmers in India went bankrupt in this manner.

• The British government levied heavy duty on the goods exported from
• India to England.
• The goods imported from England were produced in factories on a large scale and at minimum cost.
• The duty levied on them by British was far too less.
• So, these goods were cheap as compared to traditional goods.
• The Indian artisans found it difficult to compete with low priced British goods.
• Eventually, this led to closing down of traditional industries in India.