Solutions-Class 8-History-Chapter-3-Effects of British Rule-Maharashtra Board

Question 1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.

(1) Portuguese, ..............., French, British participated in the competition of capturing Indian market.

(a) Austrian

(b) Dutch

(c) German

(d) Swedish

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(b) Dutch

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(2) In 1802 Peshwa ............... signed the Subsidiary Alliance with the British.

(a) Bajirao I

(b) Sawai Madhavrao

(c) Peshwa Nanasaheb

(d) Bajirao II

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(d) Bajirao II

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(3) Jamshedjee Tata started the manufacturing of steel at Tata Iron and Steel industry established in ............... .

(a) Mumbai

(b) Kolkata

(c) Jamshedpur

(d) Delhi

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(c) Jamshedpur

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Question 2. Explain the following concepts.

(1) Civil Services

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• To strengthen the British rule in India there was a need of bureaucrats.
• Lord Cornwallis introduced bureaucracy. Civil services became an important part of British government.
• For the convenience of administration he divided the British occupied territories into districts. The District Collector was the chief of district administration.
• The officers were appointed through competitive examinations known as Indian Civil Services (ICS).

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(2) Commercialisation of Agriculture

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• Farmers grew food grains prior to the British era. It utilised to meet their domestic as well as the village's requirements.
• The British government began to increase its support for cash crops like as cotton, indigo, tobacco, and tea.
• Commercialization of agriculture means the process of focusing on the growth of profit-generating cash crops rather than food grains.

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(3) Economic policies of British

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• Capitalist economy prevailed in England due to the Industrial Revolution.
• This system was brought to India to nurture the British economy.
• It resulted in the economic gains for England but exploitation and impoverishment of India.

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Question 3. Explain the following statements with reasons.

(1) Farmers in India became bankrupt.

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• To raise income, the British made a variety of changes in the existing system.
• Revenue payment was made mandatory in cash and within the time period specified.
• If the revenue was not paid on time, the land was seized.
• Land income collection varied from location to location, resulting in farmer exploitation.
• Farmers were obliged to sell their produce at a cheap price to merchants and intermediaries in order to pay revenue.
• Farmers got indebted to moneylenders after mortgaging land to pay taxes.
• Farmers in India went bankrupt in this manner.

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(2) There was decline of traditional industries in India.

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• The British government levied heavy duty on the goods exported from
• India to England.
• The goods imported from England were produced in factories on a large scale and at minimum cost.
• The duty levied on them by British was far too less.
• So, these goods were cheap as compared to traditional goods.
• The Indian artisans found it difficult to compete with low priced British goods.
• Eventually, this led to closing down of traditional industries in India.

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Question 4. Complete the following table.

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