Solution-Class 9-History-Chapter-7-Science and Technology-Maharashtra Board

(a) Dr Homi Bhabha

(d) Apple

Wrong pair : Agni - surface to underwater ballistic missile

• Exploration of the universe and study of the earth are two goals of space research.
• The creation of rockets and satellites that are launched from the earth station is a part of space technology.
• India's space research is carried out by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

• Telex service refers to the quick transmission of typed communications across the nation via telex devices.
• In India, the telex service was introduced in 1963 by the Department of Telecommunication under the Ministry of Communication.
• In 1969, the Devanagari-script telex service was launched.
• The importance of the telex service has, however, diminished since the advent of the internet in the 1990s.

• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister, wished to develop a scientific temperament.
• He aimed to employ science and technology to advance the country's economy, produce power using atomic energy, advance nanotechnology, and boost grain yields.
• As a result, on August 10, 1948, Pandit Nehru founded the Atomic Energy Commission.

• Nuclear capacity had been achieved by China.
• With China's assistance, Pakistan was attempting desperately to obtain nuclear weapons.
• To achieve self-sufficiency and use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes were its goals.
• India made the decision to conduct nuclear testing in order to defend the nation from its hostile neighbours.

• India conducted its second nuclear test on May 11, 1998, to demonstrate its nuclear readiness.
• The Hydrogen Bomb was tested in one of the three tests.
• India became a member of the nuclear club.
• Indian nuclear weapons would not be used for the first time, according to Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
• The United States, however, levied economic penalties on India to stop its nuclear development.

• On May 18, 1974, India successfully conducted its first nuclear test at Pokharan in Rajasthan.
• Dr. Raja Ramanna, the director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Center, and Dr. Homi Sethna, the chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission, both played significant roles in this nuclear test.
• It was done to achieve self-sufficiency and a peaceful goal.
• The nuclear test location was far from any populated areas and lacked any groundwater supplies.
• The second nuclear test at Pokharan took place on May 11, 1998.

• In 1979, the USSR launched Bhaskar-1, an experimental satellite for remote sensing.
• Information about water bodies, mineral deposits, and weather forecasting would be provided, which is helpful for India's development.
• Photographs of the interior of the earth, the environment, and forests taken with the use of this technology are also significant.
• It was useful for oceanography.

The daily use of the following services is impacted by satellite technology:

• Television: Doordarshan and other private networks use satellites to broadcast their programming.
• Satellites are used to power mobile phones.
• Radio: INSAT-1B connects 207 radio stations.
• The satellites are connected to computer and Internet services.

• Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam served as the organization's director of defence research and development in India (DRDO).
• He developed the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and oversaw its execution.
• Under his direction, the missiles Agni, Prithvi, Nag, and Akash were created.
• Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is referred to as the "Missile Man" because of his involvement in the manufacture of missiles.

• In 1984, the service of computerised reservations for rail travel was introduced in New Delhi and subsequently made available throughout India.
• We use a computer and internet service to make reservations.
• After looking up ticket availability, we make a reservation by paying with a credit/debit card using internet banking.

• Konkan Railway started in 1998.
• It spans 760 kilometres over the four states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and Kerala.
• This track contains 12 tunnels. The longest tunnel is the 6.5 km tunnel in Karbude.
• This track has 1819 small bridges and 179 large bridges. The longest of these is the 2065.8 m long Sharavati River Bridge at Honnawar.
• India's tallest bridge is a 64 m-tall span across the Panval River near Ratnagiri.
• Sensors are installed in the railroad engine to prevent collisions on landslide-prone tracks.