Solution-Class 9-Political Science-Chapter-2-India’s Foreign Policy-Maharashtra Board

(d) production of atomic energy

(b) economic development

(c) non-alignment

(c) Pokharan

Statement is True.

Reasons :

• Pandit Nehru played an active role in contributing to improving Sino-Indian relations. 
• He made an earnest effort in enhancing relationships with China for seven years from 1949 to 1955.
• India was one of the first countries to recognise the People's Republic of China, which was established following the Communist Revolution in 1949.
• Pandit Nehru advocated for China's admission to the United Nations.
• In 1954, he visited China and signed the 'Panchasheel Accord.

Statement is True.

Reasons :

• Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee took some initiatives to make relations better with Pakistan
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee had established personal relations with Pakistan's then-President, General Parvez Musharaf.
• In 1999, he visited Pakistan and signed the 'Lahore Accord.'
• During his reign, the 'Samjauta Express' train service and the 'Sada-e-Sarhad' bus service between India and Pakistan were established.

• India is a member of a global community. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India's then-Prime Minister, laid the groundwork for its foreign policy.
• He shaped India's non-alignment foreign policy.
• However, since the end of the Cold War in the 1990s, India's foreign policy has shifted toward a free market economy.
• The objectives of our foreign policy is to maintain friendly relations with other nations and respect international law. India’s foreign policy till now has been developed in this framework.

• National interest denotes the means by which our country's independence and sovereignty are protected.
• National interest also includes economic development efforts and steps to increase power and influence in international relations.
• We say that national interests are nurtured when decisions are made after careful consideration of what is beneficial and good for the country.

• Peace is tranquillity, and world peace is the preservation of world tranquillity. Peace is defined as the absence of hostility and conflict.
• World peace entails a conflict-free world. Weapons are used to fight wars, and world peace necessitates disarmament.
• To preserve world peace, the League of Nations was founded in 1920 and the United Nations in 1945.
• India has always advocated for world peace, and the international community regarded Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as a "apostle of peace."

• It appears that nuclear preparedness is endangering world peace.
• Nuclear weapons are extremely destructive. As a result, consistent efforts must be made to ensure that they are never used.
• Nuclear weapons in the hands of irresponsible leaders, such as North Korea's, may endanger global peace.
• There is always the risk that nuclear weapons will fall into the hands of terrorists.

• During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, however, "the balance of terror" forced the Soviet Union to withdraw missiles from Cuba.

Article 51 in the Directive Principles of State Policy lays down the following principles on which India's foreign policy is based :

• To promote international peace and security.
• To maintain just, friendly and honourable relations between nations.
• Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another.
• Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

• The first attempt to improve Sino-Indian relations was made by then-Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in 1955, when he signed the 'Panchsheel' agreement.
• The then-Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi restored Sino-Indian relations in 1987.
• In 1998, then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee took additional steps to improve Sino-Indian relations.

Besides the objectives spelt out in the Directive Principles of State Policy, the other objectives of India's foreign policy are as follows :

• To ensure that India's defence and security are not compromised while maintaining friendly relations with neighbouring countries.
• Not compromising on the nation's geographical boundaries.
• To safeguard the country's unity and integrity.
• To protect the interests of Indian citizens living abroad through Indian embassies.
• To establish economic and commercial relations with other countries in order to achieve India's economic development.