Solution-Class 10-Geography-Chapter-8-Economy and Occupations-Maharashtra Board

India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to massive population.

The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the tertiary activities there.

The economies of India and Brazil are of the developing type.

• There are comparatively less number of mineral deposits in the western part of Brazil.
• Most of the western part of Brazil is covered by the Amazon river basin. There are evergreen dense rainforests in this areas.
• Due to dense forests this area has become inaccessible. As its effect, there are natural limitations on the use and exploitation of mineral resources available in this areas.
• The density of human settlement is very low in the Western part of Brazil. Thus, the demand for minerals in this part is comparatively low.
• Similarly, transport facilities are poorly developed in this areas. Therefore, mining has not developed in the western part of Brazil.

The similarities in the fishing activities in Brazil and India:

• The marine fishing is practised in Brazil as well as India.
• The fishing is carried out on a large scale in salt water in Brazil and India.

The differences in the fishing activities in Brazil and India:

• In India, fresh water fishing is carried on at many places in rivers, canals, irrigation canals, tanks, ponds, lakes, etc. On the other hand, in Brazil, fresh water fishing is carried on a small scale due to rigid topography, dense forests, and speedy discharge of rivers.
• Plankton is located on a large scale at the confluence of warm and cold ocean currents. Plankton provide a crucial source of food to fish. Due to confluence of hot and cold ocean currents near the eastern coast, fishing is well developed in Brazil. On the other hand, though there is no such confluence of hot and ocean currents, fishing is developed in India due to many other favourable factors.

• The total area of Brazil is nearly 85,15,770 sq. km. On the other hand, the total area of India is only 32,87,263 sq. km.
• The total population of Brazil is only 20 crores. On the other hand, the total population of India is nearly 130 crores.
• Thus, compared to India, Brazil has more land and less population. Therefore, per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.

• In mixed economy, the private sector and public (government) sector coexist.
• In Brazil as well as in India, the sectors like railway, electricity production, iron and steel industry, etc. are owned and managed by public (government) sector.
• In Brazil as well as in India, the sectors like banking, airways, health, education, telecommunication, etc. are owned and managed by private as well as public (government) sector. In this way, there is mixed economy in Brazil and India.

• In India, 48.8 per cent of population is engaged in primary sector, 24.3 per cent of population is engaged in secondary sector and 26.9 per cent of population is engaged in tertiary sector.
• In Brazil, 10 per cent of population is engaged in primary sector, 19 per cent of population is engaged in secondary sector and 71 per cent of population is engaged in tertiary sector.
• In India, the contribution of primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector in GDP is 17 per cent, 26 per cent and 57 per cent respectively.
• In Brazil, the contribution of primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector in GDP is 5.5 per cent, 27.5 per cent and 67 per cent respectively.
• Thus, we can conclude that the economy of India is mainly dependent on the primary activities and the economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the tertiary activities.