Solution-Class-7-Geography-Chapter 2-The Sun, the Moon and the Earth-Maharashtra State Board

Wrong : The moon revolves around the earth

Explanation : The moon while rotating around itself, revolves around the earth and the earth revolves around the sun. As a result, though the moon does not revolve around the sun independently, indirectly, it makes revolutions around the sun. The time it takes to make one revolution around the earth and one rotation around itself is the same.

Wrong : On a full moon day, the moon, the sun, and the earth are positioned in Sun — Earth — Moon sequence.

Wrong : The orbital path of the earth and that of the moon are not in the same plane.

Explanation : The moon’s revolutionary orbit makes an angle of about 5° with that of the earth. As a result, the moon intersects the plane of the earth’s orbit twice during one revolution.

Wrong : The moon’s revolutionary orbit makes an angle of about 5° with that of the earth. As a result, the moon intersects the plane of the earth’s orbit twice during one revolution.

Wrong : While observing a solar eclipse, it is necessary to view the sun disc through dark glasses or special goggles made for that purpose, otherwise the intense light of the sun can be harmful to the naked eye.

Wrong : An annular solar eclipse occurs when the moon is in the apogee position.

Explanation : The point on the Moon's orbit closest to Earth is called the perigee and the point farthest away is the apogee. The annular solar eclipse takes place when the moon is farther away from the Earth than normal. 

A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. Therefore option (b) is correct

Only an illuminated edge of the sun disc is seen in the form of a ring. This is called annular eclipse. Option (b) is correct.

The point on the Moon's orbit closest to Earth is called the perigee and the point farthest away is the apogee. Hence option (a) is correct

The orbital path of the earth and that of the moon are not in the same plane. the moon intersects the plane of the earth’s orbit twice during one revolution. On each new moon day, the lines joining the earth and the sun and the moon make an angle of 0° whereas on each full moon day, this angle is of 180°. Even so, Most of the time, the sun, Earth and moon don't line up on every new moon or full moon day

If the moon is between the sun and the earth, the shadow of the moon falls on the earth. This shadow is of two types. The central portion of the shadow is darker and the periphery is light. In the area of dark shadow on the earth, the sun becomes completely invisible. This condition is known as total solar eclipse. However, during the same period, at the places where the shadow is lighter, the sun disc appears partially covered. This condition is described as partial solar eclipse.

Measures:

• Create awareness to the people about the scientific reasons behind the occurrence of an eclipse.
• Spread information to the people through television and radio.
• The science of eclipse should be included in school syllabus so that the students can understand the phenomenon.
• Educate people who believe in superstition about the science behind eclipse

While observing a solar eclipse, it is necessary to view the sun disc through dark glasses or special goggles made for that purpose, otherwise the intense light of the sun can be harmful to the naked eye.

As the moon is closest to the earth during perigee, it can block the sun fully and so total solar eclipse is possible. Depending upon the tilt of the moon's orbit, it can be a partial or total solar eclipse.