Solution-Class 9-History-Chapter-9-Changing Life : 1-Maharashtra Board

(b) Vellore

(b) Dr Pramod Sethi

Wrong pair : Dr Mohan Rao – polio

• The family is the most traditional and powerful social institution.
• The institution of the family played a significant role in Indian society before independence.
• Up until the 20th century's conclusion, the joint family system was the norm in India.
• However, the joint family arrangement collapsed as a result of industrialization and urbanisation.
• The globalisation gave the nuclear family system a boost.

• Dr. Pramod Sethi discovered Jaipur Foot technology, the manufacture of artificial body parts, in 1968.
• He employed a master craftsman named Ramchandra Sharma to assist him in creating artificial limbs.
• An artificial foot is used to replace a leg lost in an accident (in the war by soldiers).
• By putting on the Jaipur foot, a person can resume their regular activities related to their leg.

• The process of concentrating people in a city or urban region is known as urbanisation.
• It is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas in search of work or for other reasons.
• There is a shift from rural to urban areas as well as from agricultural to non-agricultural enterprises.
• It is a social development process that converts the conventionally agricultural Indian society into a contemporary industrial one.

• Villages used to be self-sufficient economically.
• The bulk of the locals worked in agriculture.
• Farm products were supplied to the local craftspeople in exchange for their services.
• Currently, agriculture and related activities are concentrated in rural areas, while the industrial and service sectors have developed in urban areas.

• The rate of infant mortality in India was very high.
• Before 1978, every six out of ten new born babies had to face fatal health problems in the very first year of their birth.
• Polio, measles, tetanus, diphtheria, TB and whooping cough were very common among the infants.
• To overcome the threat of fatal diseases, the immunisation programme was taken up.

• There was a severe lack of drinking water in several Maharashtrian communities.
• Agriculture's progress required irrigation.
• It was essential to drill new wells and install water pipes.
• As a result, the State of Maharashtra began the Rural Water Supply Scheme.

• The constitution provides equality before law.
• It prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, gender or place of birth.

• On June 14, 1964, the Indian government established the Ministry of Social Welfare to carry out various social welfare programmes.
• The social welfare programmes seek to provide all Indian citizens with access to opportunities for employment, health, education, and development.

The challenges before rural development are :

• To promote economic growth.
• To provide for the diverse requirements of those living in rural areas.
• To influence people's attitudes in regards to society, culture, and thought processes.
• To hasten irrigation initiatives and implement land reforms.

• In a welfare state, it is the responsibility of the government to improve people's quality of life, supply wholesome food, and establish public health facilities.
• Through primary health centres, the Ministry of Health offers public health services in both urban and rural areas.
• Medical councils have promoted the use of allopathy, ayurveda, unani, homoeopathy, and naturopathy.
• The first successful open heart surgery was completed in 1962 at Vellore's Christian Medical College Hospital.
• In 1968, the Jaipur foot technique was created.
• The first kidney transplant operation was completed successfully in 1971 at Vellore's Christian Medical College Hospital.
• The successful test tube baby experiment was conducted in Kolkata in 1978.
• The 1995-launched "Pulse Polio" immunisation programme has successfully eradicated polio.
• India's newborn mortality rate has significantly decreased as a result of the universal immunisation programme.